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2015 1E1 Group 10 - Diabetes

Page history last edited by class1e1group10 8 years, 10 months ago

2015 1E1 Group 10 - Diabetes Team members

Names / Roles:

Leader - Zikry (33)
Editor - Athirah (14)
Researcher - Sherly (17)
Researcher - Ameerah (18)

Meaning / Definition

Type 1 diabetes - Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a incurable condition which the pancreas(organs) produces little or no insulin ,a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.It’s sometimes called “juvenile” diabetes, because type 1 diabetes usually develops in children and teenagers, though it can develop at any age.

Type 2 diabetes - Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, the bodies of people with type 2 diabetes make insulin. But either their pancreas(organs) does not make enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin well enough. This is called insulin resistance.

Causes and Effects

In this section, while using a little medical jargon as possible,

1) include a description of the condition(s) or situation(s) causing the disorder or disease;

2) include a description of the effect(s), outcome(s) or impact(s) on the patients' lives as a result of having the disorder or disease.

You may include picture(s) or video(s) to illustrate your points.

Causes of type 1 diabetes - When the body's immune system attacks the beta cells of the organs. These beta cells are the cells that creates insulin. Without sufficient insulin in one's body, one cannot control his/her blood sugar therefore causing type 1 diabetes.

Causes of type 2 diabetes - Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin.

Effects of diabetes - Diabetes can affect major organs in one's body including heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. Long-term complications for diabetes develop gradually, over decade. Diabetes complications may be life-threatening. Some of the diabetes complications include eye damage, pregnancy complications, skin and mouth conditions and foot damage.

Eye damage - Diabetes can damage the blood vessels of the retina, leading to blindness. Diabetes also increases the risk of other severe vision conditions.
Foot damage - Nerve damage in the feet or poor blood flow to the feet increases the risk of various foot complications. Left untreated, cuts and blisters can become serious infections, which often does not heal properly and may require amputation.
Pregnancy complications - High blood sugar levels can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The risk of miscarriage and birth defects are increased when diabetes is not well-controlled.
Skin and mouth conditions - Diabetes may leave you more vulnerable to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections.

Signs and Symptoms

Frequent urination - When there is too much glucose (sugar) in your blood you will urinate more often. If your insulin is ineffective, or not there at all, your kidneys cannot filter the glucose back into the blood. The kidneys will take water from your blood in order to dilute the glucose - which in turn fills up your bladder.

Intense hunger- As the insulin in your blood is not working properly, or is not there at all, and your cells are not getting their energy, your body may react by trying to find more energy - food. You will become hungry.

Blurred vision- This can be caused by tissue being pulled from your eye lenses. This affects your eyes' ability to focus. With proper treatment this can be treated. There are severe cases where blindness or prolonged vision problems can occur.

Disproportionate thirst - After urinating more then usual, you will need to replace the liquid lost in your body causing you to drink more.

Irritability- Irritability can be due to your lack of energy.

Gums are red and/or swollen - Gums pull away from teeth.If your gums are tender, red and/or swollen this could be a sign of diabetes. Your teeth could become loose as the gums pull away from them.

Numbness or tingling, especially in your feet and hands -If there is too much sugar in your body your nerves could become damaged, as could the tiny blood vessels that feed those nerves. You may experience tingling and/or numbness in your hands and feet.

Weight gain -This might be the result of the above symptom (intense hunger).

Unusual weight loss - This is more common among people with Diabetes Type 1. As your body is not making insulin it will seek out another energy source (the cells aren't getting glucose). Muscle tissue and fat will be broken down for energy. As Type 1 is of a more sudden onset and Type 2 is much more gradual, weight loss is more noticeable with Type 1.

Prevention and Treatment

-Tip 1: Get more physical activity

There are many benefits to regular physical activity. Exercise can help you:

Lose weight
Lower your blood sugar
Boost your sensitivity to insulin — which helps keep your blood sugar within a normal range

Research shows that both aerobic exercise and resistance training can help control diabetes, but the greater benefit comes from a fitness program that includes both.

-Tip 2: Get plenty of fiber

It's rough, it's tough — and it may help you:

Reduce your risk of diabetes by improving your blood sugar control
Lower your risk of heart disease
Promote weight loss by helping you feel full

Foods high in fiber include fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains, nuts and seeds.

-Tip 3: Lose extra weight

If you're overweight, diabetes prevention may hinge on weight loss. Every pound you lose can improve your health, and you may be surprised by how much. Participants in one large study who lost a modest amount of weight — around 7 percent of initial body weight — and exercised regularly reduced the risk of developing diabetes by almost 60 percent.

-Tip 5: Skip fad diets and just make healthier choices

Low-carb diets, the glycemic index diet or other fad diets may help you lose weight at first, but their effectiveness at preventing diabetes isn't known nor are their long-term effects. And by excluding or strictly limiting a particular food group, you may be giving up essential nutrients. Instead, think variety and portion control as part of an overall healthy-eating plan.

Link to Other Illnesses or Diseases

In this section, while using a little medical jargon as possible, include a description of the illness(es) or disease(s) that may occur as a result of having this disorder or disease.

You may include picture(s) or video(s) to illustrate your points.

-Cardiovascular Disease
If you have diabetes you are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than people without diabetes. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for people with diabetes.

- Heart Disease
Uncontrolled diabetes causes damage to your body’s blood vessels making them more prone to damage from atherosclerosis and hypertension. People with diabetes develop atherosclerosis at a younger age and more severely than people without diabetes.

- Heart Attack Or Stroke
If you have diabetes you can have a heart attack without realizing it. Diabetes can damage nerves as well as blood vessels so a heart attack can be ‘silent’, that is lacking the typical chest pain.